Qualifications, attributes, ethics, and responsibilities of Air Traffic Controllers

Qualifications, attributes, ethics, and responsibilities of Air Traffic Controllers Ever wondered how planes travel in the air and never clash with each other like cars do? The safety of planes and their passengers lie in the hands of air traffic controllers. Air traffic controllers are professionals who are in charge of how air traffic moves so that planes can maintain a safe distance between each other.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Qualifications, attributes, ethics, and responsibilities of Air Traffic Controllers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition to ensuring safety of planes and their passengers, air traffic controllers are also responsible for ensuring that planes are not delayed and that they depart from their destinations and alight at their destinations at the allocated times. There are different types of air traffic controllers, each performing special roles. The terminal controllers are in charge of planes when they are in an airport’s airspace. The main duty of te rminal controllers is to ensure a smooth movement of airplanes into and out of airports. They mainly do so by observing. If all is well, they sequence the arriving airplane to land and give clearances for the departing airplanes. They also give advice to pilots about weather and runway conditions so that accidents resulting from such conditions can be avoided (Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, 2011). Before a plane leaves an airport, many different air traffic controllers are involved in the process. For instance, the tower flight data controller makes use of the data plan for departure to organize the departure procedure in sequence. The clearance controller on the hand gives clearance to an airplane for departure while the ground controller uses the data plan in form of flight strip to control the flow of airplanes on the airport’s surface. A similar procedure is followed when a plane wants to land. When the plane is about 50 miles from its destined airp ort, the airport’s terminal radar arrival controller creates a sequence for the airplane along with other airplanes that want to land at the same time. Once everything is in order, the controller gives an approach clearance to the pilot who is then cleared to make contact with the tower. The clearance to land on the airport is then given by the local controller. The ground controller then takes over and guides the aircraft along the taxiways (Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, 2011). The work of air traffic controllers is therefore crucial for the safety of airplanes. It requires attention to details (especially for the local and ground controllers who make use of visual observation) and high levels of skills and expertise. Air traffic controllers must be efficient and swift in action because every second counts and can mean the difference between life and death. They need to be intelligent and have a good memory because they receive a lot of information at any given time which they have to quickly understand, interpret and remember.Advertising Looking for term paper on aviation? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Strong decision making abilities are also required of air traffic controllers because they are often faced with situations which force them to make quick decisions, for instance, when the weather condition suddenly changes contrary to previous expectations. Air traffic controllers need to have a long concentration span because they have to make decisions in the midst of numerous distractions such as noise and poor visibility. They need to have active listening skills so that they can hear and understand what is being conveyed to them. In addition to listening skills, they require strong speaking abilities so that they can convey crucial information to pilots and concerned parties quickly, loudly and clearly. They need critical thinking; problem-solving; and judg ment skills to enable them weigh the merits and demerits of various options and make the most appropriate decision. Like any other profession, the profession of air traffic controllers is also ethically bound more so because the lives of passengers and staff in the airplane are at stake. Air traffic controllers must therefore adhere to the ethical obligations set by the ethics committee (Center for the Study of Ethics in the Professions, 2011). In order for someone to qualify to become air traffic controller, he or she must have a college degree in air traffic control or aviation-related course. There are numerous colleges which offer such degrees and they differ from country to country and state to state. Besides the academic qualifications, air traffic controllers who wish to work with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) have to take a computer-administered test which normally lasts 8 hours. Before being employed, candidates should also pass a drug-screening test. The site  https://www.bls.gov/home.htm (by Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, 2011)) is a good site with invaluable information about all aspects of air traffic controllers. It has information not only about the nature of the work done by air traffic controllers, qualifications and attributes but also information on the job outlook, projections and remuneration. The site also provides information about occupations that are related to air traffic control as well as sources of additional information. The site  https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/53-2021.00 (by O*NET Online, 2010) also offers adequate information about air traffic controllers. The good thing about this site is that the information is organized in a simplistic manner that makes it easy for its readers to read. Reference List Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. (2011). Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2010-11 Edition, Air Traffic Controllers. Web.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Qualifications, attributes, ethics, and responsibilities of Air Traffic Controllers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Center for the Study of Ethics in the Professions (2011). Air Traffic Control Association. Web. O*NET Online. (2010). Summary report for: 53-2021.00_Air Traffic Controllers. Web.

Reducing, Reusing and Recycling Fast Food Waste

Reducing, Reusing and Recycling Fast Food Waste Dear EarthTalk: What are the fast-food chains doing to cut back onor at least recyclethe huge amount of paper, plastic and foam they use daily? Are there any laws or regulations to force them to be good environmental citizens? Carol Endres, Stroud Township, PA Currently there are no federal laws or regulations in the U.S. specifically aimed at getting fast food chains to reduce, reuse or recycle their waste. Businesses of all kinds must always obey local laws pertaining to what must be recycled versus what can be discarded. And a small number of cities and towns have local laws specifically designed to force businesses to do the right thing, but they are few and far between. Voluntary Fast Food Waste Reduction Makes HeadlinesThere have been some strides in the fast food business with regard to packaging materials and waste reduction, but it has all been voluntary and usually under pressure from green groups. McDonald’s made headlines back in 1989 when, at the urging of environmentalists, it switched its hamburger packaging from non-recyclable Styrofoam to recyclable paper wraps and cardboard boxes. The company also replaced its bleached paper carryout bags with unbleached bags and made other green-friendly packaging advances. Some Fast Food Chains Offer Vague Policies on Waste ReductionBoth McDonald’s and PepsiCo (owner of KFC and Taco Bell) have crafted internal policies to address environmental concerns. PepsiCo states that it encourages â€Å"conservation of natural resources, recycling, source reduction and pollution control to ensure cleaner air and water and to reduce landfill wastes,† but does not elaborate on specific actions it takes. McDonald’s makes similar general statements and claims to be â€Å"actively pursuing the conversion of used cooking oil into biofuels for transportation vehicles, heating, and other purposes,† and pursuing various in-store paper, cardboard, delivery container and pallet recycling programs in Australia, Sweden, Japan and Britain. In Canada the company claims to be the â€Å"largest user of recycled paper in our industry† for trays, boxes, carry out bags and drink holders. Fast Food Recycling Programs Can Reduce Waste and Save MoneySome smaller fast food chains have garnered accolades for their recycling efforts. Arizona-based eegee’s, for instance, earned an Administrator’s Award from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for recycling all paper, cardboard and polystyrene across its 21-store chain. Besides the positive attention it has generated, the company’s recycling effort also saves it money in garbage disposal fees every month. A Few Communities Require Fast Food Waste RecyclingDespite such efforts, though, the fast food industry is still a large generator of waste. Some communities are responding by passing local regulations requiring recycling where applicable. Seattle, Washington, for example, passed an ordinance in 2005 prohibiting businesses (all businesses, not just restaurants) from disposing of recyclable paper or cardboard, though violators only pay a nominal $50 fine. Taiwan Takes a Hard Line on Fast Food WastePerhaps policymakers in the U.S. and elsewhere could take a lead from Taiwan, which since 2004 has required its 600 fast-food restaurants, including McDonald’s, Burger King and KFC, to maintain facilities for proper disposal of recyclables by customers. Diners are obliged to deposit their garbage in four separate containers for leftover food, recyclable paper, regular waste and liquids. â€Å"Customers only have to spend under a minute to finish the trash-classification assignment,† said environmental protection administrator Hau Lung-bin in announcing the program. Restaurants that don’t comply face fines of up to $8,700 (U.S.). GOT AN ENVIRONMENTAL QUESTION? Send it to: EarthTalk, c/o E/The Environmental Magazine, P.O. Box 5098, Westport, CT 06881; submit it at: www.emagazine.com/earthtalk/thisweek/, or e-mail: earthtalkemagazine.com. EarthTalk is a regular feature of E/The Environmental Magazine. Selected EarthTalk columns are reprinted on About Environmental Issues by permission of the editors of E.

Ratio Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ratio Analysis - Essay Example Suppose we want to assess the financial health of a very large or small firm, how can we analyze the firm so our analysis can provide an insight into the basic prospects for profitability of a firm? Is the firm losing or is it profitable? Are there prospects for making the firm profitable? Is the firm worth buying? Should we sell the firm? If we are to sell the firm, at what price should our purchase price be? How large are the firm’s debts? What are its prospects for profitability? What is the firm’s net worth? These are some of the questions in which ratio analysis can help provide an answer. Gibson (1982, p. 18) pointed out that the financial â€Å"ratios can be grouped into four categories: liquidity, debt, profitability, and other† financial ratios. The liquidity ratios include the working capital ratio, and the current ratio (Gibson 1982, pp. 18-19). Some of the broad debt ratios include the debt-to-capital and the debt-to-equity ratios. The debt-to-capital ratios used by many firms include the long term debt-to-long term debt plus stockholders’ equity, short term debt plus long-term debt-to-short term debt plus long-term debt plus stockholders’ equity, and several other ratios (Gibson 1982, p. 22). ... It also plausible that ratios can be devised based on one’s objectives although there are financial ratios that are conventionally or more popularly used to assess firm performance and status. As pointed out by Gibson (1982, p. 22), for example, â€Å"firm executives have many different opinions on how a firm debt position should be determined from the balanced sheet.† Profitability ratios include measures for earnings per share, return on equity, profit margin, return on capital, return on assets, gross margin, pre-tax margin, and operating margin (Gibson 1982, p. 23). Each type of ratio on profitability can include several specific types of measures. For example, the specific measures or ratios for profit margin include net income-to-sales, income from continuing operations-to-sales, income before minority share-to-sales, net income-to-total revenues, income before extraordinary item-to-sales, income from continuing operations and before extraordinary item-to-sales, a nd income before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle-to-sales (Gibson 1982, p. 24). The tone of Gibson (1982) indicates that a financial analyst may improvise ratios or measures as long as they are helpful to analysis but there are ratios that are conventionally or more popularly used by analysts for assessing liquidity, profitability, debt, or other aspects of firm or business operations. The formulas of the more popular ratios are contained in financial and accounting textbooks. Meanwhile, the ratios identified by Gibson (1982) for drawing insights on firm or business operations include dividend per share, book value per share, effective tax rate, dividend payout, price earnings ratio, and labour per hour. However, surely there are other measures that can be developed depending

IT in business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

IT in business - Essay Example Now despite the competitive edge ensured by IT, once every company begins to cut costs and aims at doing so at an increasing rate, they tend to hire different agents to do this task for them. At this point they become dependent on an agent who might be working for their rival firms as well and the means for seeking information advantages itself becomes a strategic disadvantage for the concerned company. 2. Carr rightly diagnoses that the strategic advantage of information is not everlasting for a firm. Even Porter and Miller argue that IT has the power to change all the Porter’s five forces. But three different companies or business organizations like Orkut, Facebook and Twitter, though based upon similar idea do not have the same number of clients. Here one might say that first entrant into a specific segment using information technology might have more advantage over the others. An individual having an account with Orkut might have the same with the other two as well and hen ce identifying a strategic advantage at this point is almost impossible unless based on time of entry. 2. Porter and Miller elaborate upon the industry’s attractiveness and alterations of the products, as they become information intensive. However, as information technology progresses, so will the need and risk to security of a firm’s data.

Can Science and Religion Co-exist? Essay -- Religion

Science and theology have diverged lines amongst several of the world’s phenomenon with the two greatest differences being human and world development. Although there are differences in the beliefs of these two groups, they are ultimately attempting to solve the same puzzles that consume the minds of members of both disciplines. In the end one might say, both disciplines are working to solve two different puzzles that may be really different, but ultimately are aspects of the same puzzle. Both the method and the aims of science and religion seem to be different. Science is considered to be more linked to the material aspect of all things, where religion is concerned with the spiritual. These are just two of the differences to be discussed in this paper, as I attempt to answer the question of â€Å"Can science and religion co-exist?† Science and religion both create feelings ranging from suspicion, distrust, and conflict to those of respect, tolerance, and conciliation. The feelings created are often dependent on an individual’s level of involvement with the corresponding discipline of study. Extremist in either discipline would be most likely to develop the negative feelings listed above, while those with knowledge of both studies would lean towards the feelings associated with respect and tolerance. Another group of individuals who would typically respect and tolerate the beliefs of both studies are those nestled in the roots of the rabbit’s fur (Gaarder, 2007). These would be those who are content living their daily lives not looking to solve the unknown questions of the world’s development. The contradiction amongst science and religion is found between those who look to find the missing pieces of the puzzle through means of myt... ... co-exist peacefully through conciliation is preferred, and for the most part is the norm. Works Cited Sickler, B. (2009). Conflicts Between Science and Religion, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 2/27/12 from http://www.iep.utm.edu/sci-rel. Shaikh, A.B. (2011). Science and Religion at the Crossroads: Conflict or Conciliation? Journal for Interdisciplinary Research on Religion and Science, No. 9, July 2011. Dennett, D.C. (2011). Science and Religion: Are They Compatible? Oxford University Press. Deem, R. (2006). Does the Bible Say God Created the Universe in Six 24-Hour Days? Retrieved 2/26/12 from http://www.godandscience.org/youngearth/sixdays.html. Gaarder, J. (2007). Sophies World. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, LLC. Palmer, D. (2010). Looking at Philosophy: The Unbearable Heaviness of Philosophy Made Lighter, 5th ed.. McGraw-Hill.

“A Secret Sorrow” by Karen van der Zee and “A Sorrowful Woman” Gail Godwin Essay

In both the excerpts from Karen van der Zee’s novel â€Å"A Secret Sorrow† and in Gail Godwin’s short story â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman,† the plots center on ideas of marriage and family. Conversely, marriage and family are presented in very different lights in the two stories. Karen van der Zee presents marriage with children as perfect and completely fulfilling; it is what Faye, the protagonist of â€Å"A Secret Sorrow†, wants and what is necessary to her happiness. For Godwin’s unnamed protagonist, marriage and family are almost the antithesis of happiness; her home life seems to suffocate hear and eventually leads her to death. â€Å"A Secret Sorrow† directly endorses and encourages marriage, whereas â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman† indirectly questions and discourages it. Both of the female protagonists in the two stories experience a conflict. In â€Å"A Secret Sorrow† Faye’s conflict comes before the marriage. She is struck with misery and torment because she cannot have children and fears that this will prevent her from marrying the man she loves. Both she and her beloved, Kai, desire marriage with children, and van der Zee suggests that only with these things will they truly be happy. Faye feels that her inability to have children is a fatal flaw that cuts her off from Kai’s love. â€Å"Every time we see some pregnant woman, every time we’re with somebody else’s children I’ll feel I’ve failed you!† (Zee 35). Faye’s anxiety and fear are based on the thought of losing her beloved Kai, accompanied by never having children. In â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman,† however, the conflict comes after the marriage, when the woman has already secured her husband and child. Unlike Faye, who would be ecstatic in this woman’s situation, the protagonist of Godwin’s story is not. Oddly enough, her husband and son bring her such sorrow that eventually she is unable to see them at all, communicating only through notes stuck under her bedroom door. Godwin’s character has a loving husband and child, yet in spite of this, she is still filled with grief. This sense of defeat is unimaginable when compared to a Harlequin romance because it goes against the assumption that the rest is happily ever after. In â€Å"A Secret Sorrow†, marriage is portrayed as the resolution. Van der Zee works to present the reader with the idea that only with this aspect will Faye be fulfilled and happy; it is what the entire story, with all the plot  twists and romantic interludes, works toward. Marriage is also the end in â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman† but not as expected: it is quite literally the end of the woman’s life. Though one doesn’t see what her life was like before her emotional crisis, there are hints of it. When she moves into a new bedroom, away from her husband, she mentions seeing the streets from a whole new perspective, which suggests the previous monotony of her daily life. In addition, when the woman bakes pies and bread and washes and folds the laundry, her son says, â€Å"She’s tired from doing all our things again,† (Godwin 42). This gives the reader the idea of what â€Å"our things† was and what the woman did with her time before her crisis. The monotony of marriage is absent in â€Å"A Secret Sorrow.† Faye’s inability to have children does not end Kai’s love for her, instead, the two go on to marry and adopt children. Faye’s married life is described in a very idyllic way: she raises her son and two daughters in a â€Å"white ranch house under the blue skies of Texas† (Zee 37). Once she is married and has children, there is no more anxiety because the plot leads one to the conclusion that marriage solves all problems and is a source of unending happiness. This greatly differs from Godwin’s tale, which takes place in winter and maintains a sense of cold. Whenever Godwin describes the family, it is in terms that suggest weight, guilt, or failure. The child’s trusting gaze makes the protagonist begin â€Å"yelping without tears† (Godwin 39). Any sign of life or love increases her sorrow and makes her want solitary. One case in point is when the hired girl brings her son to visit her with a grasshopper he’s found–something both alive and from the outside world; she gets very upset and forces her husband to fire the girl. It would appear that the girl is too much of an infringement on her space, too much of a reminder of what she can no longer be. The discrepancy between the two authors’ illustrations of marriage is most apparent when both women are viewing their families. Faye, sitting with her husband and watching her children play, feels that â€Å"life was good and filled with love† (Zee 37). Godwin’s protagonist, on the other hand, articulates, â€Å"The sight of them made her so sad and sick she did not want to see them ever again† (Godwin 38).When Kai, now her husband, embraces Faye, she feels,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"There was love in his embrace and love in his words and in her heart there was no room for doubt, no room for sorrow† (Zee 37). When Godwin’s heroine feels the loving touch of her husband’s arm and the kiss of her child, she cannot bear it any longer and cuts off all direct contact with them. The situation of her marriage forces her into a self-imposed imprisonment and indolence. She feels agonizingly poignant because she can no longer be who they want and need her to be. She avoids them not because she does not love them but rather because she loves them so much that it is too painful to see them and too troublesome for them to feel her failure. The axiom to Godwin’s story tells us that â€Å"Once upon a time there was a wife and a mother one too many times† (Godwin 38). The addition of â€Å"one too many times† to this traditional story opening forces the idea of repetition and monotony; it suggests that it is not the state of being a wife and mother that is innately dreadful but rather the fact that that is all Godwin’s character is. Day in and day out, too many times over, the woman is just a wife and a mother, and it isn’t enough for her. In van der Zee’s story there could be no such thing as too much motherhood or too much of being a wife. When Faye’s fears of losing Kai are assuaged, and she is happily married, it is as though a great weight has been lifted off her. Alternatively, Godwin’s character feels her marriage as a great weight pressing on her which results in her immobilization. When she leaves her room for a day and puts out freshly baked bread for her husband and son, they express their happiness in the notes they write to her that night, and â€Å"the force of the two joyful notes†¦pressed her into the corner of the little room; she hardly had space to breathe† (Godwin 42). Faye can be a traditional wife and mother, so her family is a source of joy. However, in Godwin’s character’s case, she can no longer be the traditional wife and mother, the representation of her own failure, which inevitably draws her guilt to push her further and further into herself un til she can retreat no further and ends her life. The closing stages of the two stories are powerful illustrations of the differences between them. In the end of â€Å"A Secret Sorrow† the author shows the reader Faye’s feelings â€Å"beautiful, complete, whole† (Zee 38) in her role  as a wife and mother. Godwin, on the other hand, leaves the audience with the protagonist dead on her bed. Godwin seems to give the reader hope by showing all that the woman has done when she says, â€Å"the house smelled redolently of renewal and spring† (Godwin 42). This makes the misfortune even harder when one discovers, along with the husband and child, the woman’s death. The ambiguous way the death of Godwin’s unnamed protagonist is dealt with reinforces the author’s negative tone towards marriage. It isn’t explicitly written as suicide; however, Godwin seems to encourage her readers to see it as the inevitable consequence of her marriage. Van der Zee creates a story full of emotional highs and lows, but one that leads up to and ends with marriage. After the marriage all of the plot twists and traumas come to a halt, replaced with peace and happiness. Faye is brought to new life by her marriage and children; she finds fulfillment of all of her desires in them. Godwin’s story, however, is full of post marital anguish and confusion. The character she creates is stifled and unquestionably unfulfilled by her marriage. A burst of creative energy right before her death produces, among other things, â€Å"a sheath of marvelous watercolor beasts accompanied by mad and fanciful stories nobody could ever make up again, and a tablet full of love sonnets addressed to the man† (Godwin 42). It is clear that the woman had talents and desires not met by the routine duties of her marital life. For Faye, the protagonist of â€Å"A Secret Sorrow†, marriage is the happily-ever-after ending she has wanted all of her life; for Godwin’s protagonist, marriage is just a monotonous and interminable ever after. In any case, humans cannot bear too much reality. Works Cited: Godwin, Gail. â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman.† 38-42. Van der Zee, Karen. â€Å"A Secret Sorrow.† 30-38. â€Å"A Secret Sorrow† by Karen van der Zee and â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman† Gail Godwin Essay In both the excerpts from Karen van der Zee’s novel â€Å"A Secret Sorrow† and in Gail Godwin’s short story â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman,† the plots center on ideas of marriage and family. Conversely, marriage and family are presented in very different lights in the two stories. Karen van der Zee presents marriage with children as perfect and completely fulfilling; it is what Faye, the protagonist of â€Å"A Secret Sorrow†, wants and what is necessary to her happiness. For Godwin’s unnamed protagonist, marriage and family are almost the antithesis of happiness; her home life seems to suffocate hear and eventually leads her to death. â€Å"A Secret Sorrow† directly endorses and encourages marriage, whereas â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman† indirectly questions and discourages it. Both of the female protagonists in the two stories experience a conflict. In â€Å"A Secret Sorrow† Faye’s conflict comes before the marriage. She is struck with misery and torment because she cannot have children and fears that this will prevent her from marrying the man she loves. Both she and her beloved, Kai, desire marriage with children, and van der Zee suggests that only with these things will they truly be happy. Faye feels that her inability to have children is a fatal flaw that cuts her off from Kai’s love. â€Å"Every time we see some pregnant woman, every time we’re with somebody else’s children I’ll feel I’ve failed you!† (Zee 35). Faye’s anxiety and fear are based on the thought of losing her beloved Kai, accompanied by never having children. In â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman,† however, the conflict comes after the marriage, when the woman has already secured her husband and child. Unlike Faye, who would be ecstatic in this woman’s situation, the protagonist of Godwin’s story is not. Oddly enough, her husband and son bring her such sorrow that eventually she is unable to see them at all, communicating only through notes stuck under her bedroom door. Godwin’s character has a loving husband and child, yet in spite of this, she is still filled with grief. This sense of defeat is unimaginable when compared to a Harlequin romance because it goes against the assumption that the rest is happily ever after. In â€Å"A Secret Sorrow†, marriage is portrayed as the resolution. Van der Zee works to present the reader with the idea that only with this aspect will Faye be fulfilled and happy; it is what the entire story, with all the plot  twists and romantic interludes, works toward. Marriage is also the end in â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman† but not as expected: it is quite literally the end of the woman’s life. Though one doesn’t see what her life was like before her emotional crisis, there are hints of it. When she moves into a new bedroom, away from her husband, she mentions seeing the streets from a whole new perspective, which suggests the previous monotony of her daily life. In addition, when the woman bakes pies and bread and washes and folds the laundry, her son says, â€Å"She’s tired from doing all our things again,† (Godwin 42). This gives the reader the idea of what â€Å"our things† was and what the woman did with her time before her crisis. The monotony of marriage is absent in â€Å"A Secret Sorrow.† Faye’s inability to have children does not end Kai’s love for her, instead, the two go on to marry and adopt children. Faye’s married life is described in a very idyllic way: she raises her son and two daughters in a â€Å"white ranch house under the blue skies of Texas† (Zee 37). Once she is married and has children, there is no more anxiety because the plot leads one to the conclusion that marriage solves all problems and is a source of unending happiness. This greatly differs from Godwin’s tale, which takes place in winter and maintains a sense of cold. Whenever Godwin describes the family, it is in terms that suggest weight, guilt, or failure. The child’s trusting gaze makes the protagonist begin â€Å"yelping without tears† (Godwin 39). Any sign of life or love increases her sorrow and makes her want solitary. One case in point is when the hired girl brings her son to visit her with a grasshopper he’s found–something both alive and from the outside world; she gets very upset and forces her husband to fire the girl. It would appear that the girl is too much of an infringement on her space, too much of a reminder of what she can no longer be. The discrepancy between the two authors’ illustrations of marriage is most apparent when both women are viewing their families. Faye, sitting with her husband and watching her children play, feels that â€Å"life was good and filled with love† (Zee 37). Godwin’s protagonist, on the other hand, articulates, â€Å"The sight of them made her so sad and sick she did not want to see them ever again† (Godwin 38).When Kai, now her husband, embraces Faye, she feels,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"There was love in his embrace and love in his words and in her heart there was no room for doubt, no room for sorrow† (Zee 37). When Godwin’s heroine feels the loving touch of her husband’s arm and the kiss of her child, she cannot bear it any longer and cuts off all direct contact with them. The situation of her marriage forces her into a self-imposed imprisonment and indolence. She feels agonizingly poignant because she can no longer be who they want and need her to be. She avoids them not because she does not love them but rather because she loves them so much that it is too painful to see them and too troublesome for them to feel her failure. The axiom to Godwin’s story tells us that â€Å"Once upon a time there was a wife and a mother one too many times† (Godwin 38). The addition of â€Å"one too many times† to this traditional story opening forces the idea of repetition and monotony; it suggests that it is not the state of being a wife and mother that is innately dreadful but rather the fact that that is all Godwin’s character is. Day in and day out, too many times over, the woman is just a wife and a mother, and it isn’t enough for her. In van der Zee’s story there could be no such thing as too much motherhood or too much of being a wife. When Faye’s fears of losing Kai are assuaged, and she is happily married, it is as though a great weight has been lifted off her. Alternatively, Godwin’s character feels her marriage as a great weight pressing on her which results in her immobilization. When she leaves her room for a day and puts out freshly baked bread for her husband and son, they express their happiness in the notes they write to her that night, and â€Å"the force of the two joyful notes†¦pressed her into the corner of the little room; she hardly had space to breathe† (Godwin 42). Faye can be a traditional wife and mother, so her family is a source of joy. However, in Godwin’s character’s case, she can no longer be the traditional wife and mother, the representation of her own failure, which inevitably draws her guilt to push her further and further into herself un til she can retreat no further and ends her life. The closing stages of the two stories are powerful illustrations of the differences between them. In the end of â€Å"A Secret Sorrow† the author shows the reader Faye’s feelings â€Å"beautiful, complete, whole† (Zee 38) in her role  as a wife and mother. Godwin, on the other hand, leaves the audience with the protagonist dead on her bed. Godwin seems to give the reader hope by showing all that the woman has done when she says, â€Å"the house smelled redolently of renewal and spring† (Godwin 42). This makes the misfortune even harder when one discovers, along with the husband and child, the woman’s death. The ambiguous way the death of Godwin’s unnamed protagonist is dealt with reinforces the author’s negative tone towards marriage. It isn’t explicitly written as suicide; however, Godwin seems to encourage her readers to see it as the inevitable consequence of her marriage. Van der Zee creates a story full of emotional highs and lows, but one that leads up to and ends with marriage. After the marriage all of the plot twists and traumas come to a halt, replaced with peace and happiness. Faye is brought to new life by her marriage and children; she finds fulfillment of all of her desires in them. Godwin’s story, however, is full of post marital anguish and confusion. The character she creates is stifled and unquestionably unfulfilled by her marriage. A burst of creative energy right before her death produces, among other things, â€Å"a sheath of marvelous watercolor beasts accompanied by mad and fanciful stories nobody could ever make up again, and a tablet full of love sonnets addressed to the man† (Godwin 42). It is clear that the woman had talents and desires not met by the routine duties of her marital life. For Faye, the protagonist of â€Å"A Secret Sorrow†, marriage is the happily-ever-after ending she has wanted all of her life; for Godwin’s protagonist, marriage is just a monotonous and interminable ever after. In any case, humans cannot bear too much reality. Works Cited: Godwin, Gail. â€Å"A Sorrowful Woman.† 38-42. Van der Zee, Karen. â€Å"A Secret Sorrow.† 30-38.

Occupational Health and Safety Project - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1714 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Health Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? Occupational Health and Safety Project Contents Introduction Fire hazards à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Their significance and how to identify them Prevention General safety precautions Conclusion Bibliography Introduction Every year people or employees are fatally wounded by the thousands on the job around the world, the number is increasing day by day and the shocking fact is that a fraction of those also comprise of kids. There is a desperate need to be conscious of the perils at the workplace and employees are obliged to protect themselves by knowing their rights and having a clear understanding of the employerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s responsibility (Garrow, 2010). Employees need to make sure that they are getting the appropriate insurance that would compensate them adequately in case of any accident at work. Any workplace is subject to the hazard of fire. When people around the world are working in different areas and know that injuries and accidents can occur, the need of taking precautions arises. There are numerous hazards that can take place in a workplace which can lead to substantial losses, even death or severe injuries (Garrow, 2010). The most common types of hazards are those that arises fro m chemical, repetitive motors, fires, fall related injuries and electricity. It is the duty and responsibility of the employer to keep safe and secure environment for all the potential employees working in an organization, it also keeps the environment happier and more productive. Building of safety policies and strategies that specifically address workplace hazards mentioned above would be beneficial for the organization plus the employees. Employees working in an organization might be at risk relating to health hazards if their jobs involve exposure to chemicals. There are numerous substances that can severely harm employees, like, fumes, liquid, gas, solid, vapors, dust and corrosives. No matter, the employee is at risk of inhaling, absorbing or ingesting the substance through the skin or whatever, it is the responsibility of the employer to make sure that the risks are minimized to the fullest. These are the types of hazards which can take place in any sort of business an employ er runs and operates, from retail to manufacturing. Fire is the most common hazard and is considered to be the biggest risk in an organization, regardless of the type of the business an employer is running. The Seattle Fire Dept. carried out a research and concluded that around 70000 to 80000 fires take place in businesses in the USA per year, despite taking all the safety measures and precautions. Employees aware of how to use the fire extinguishers, keeping hold of the fire drills, informing the employees of the emergency evacuation plans can make sure safety (Joseph, 2010). In accordance with the UKà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s fire safety order every business is legally required to take into account the full responsibility in lowering and detecting the risks associated with fire hazards (Steven, 2014). Avoidance of the fire hazard involves recognizing those activities and substances that could possibly instigate a blaze. Fire hazard is considered to be one of the workplace hazards that do not discriminate relying on the possible nature of the workplace. Fires are anything that can be caused from oil leakage in machinery on an assembly line to a short circuit wire in a printer or fax machine. It all comes to the employers of the organization to make sure that the places and environment their employees are working are free from severe fire hazards (Terrell, 2010). As of 2006 businesses are now completely responsible for the safety of the public and most importantly the employees from the possible risk of fire. In accordance with the fire safety order it has become obligatory for the businesses to carry out fire risk assessments, identifying possible fire hazards and developing a plan of action in event of any fire accident. The order comprise of compilation of updated and existing measures (Garrow, 2010). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Occupational Health and Safety Project" essay for you Create order Fire hazards à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Their significance and how to identify them To help and support the employees, all workplaces and environment should comprise of rules and regulations for restricting fire hazards along with the appropriate evacuation plans in case the fire takes place. The OSHA (small business handbook) delivers some of the important advice for averting a disturbing fire in a workplace environment. The tips are presented as a series of questions business employers to ask themselves. Examples are, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“If the workplace contains a fire alarm system, is it licensed as tested and required yearly?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“If the workplace environment contain automatic water sprinkler, are they in proper conditions?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Evacuation procedures should be clear and posted to all the entrances and exit points (Terrell, 2010). However, the employer have most of the responsibility and duty in case of any fire hazard takes place but it should also be noted that employees should also be alert and help take fire precautio ns and safety into their own hands. Even between they are getting their safety training sessions, they should take out time to go over evacuation ways, use of fire extinguishers and ways to keep the work environment safe and secure for the fellow employees. In work environments where fire is an essential factor, such as areas with exposed flame cooking surfaces or metal manufacturing plants, employees need to be very careful and appropriately make use of all necessary protective gear (Anthony, 2014). The possible result of a fire hazard can essentially be devastating. Just like when fire catches the house, a fire in the workplace amounts to more risks for smoke inhalation, serious burns, roof collapses and even death. A severe burn caused by the fire can land an employee in the hospital for days, weeks, or months and leave them incapable of carrying out their job either permanently or temporarily. This can further lead to extreme financial stress on the employee along with his/he r family. The combination of serious medical bills and days missing work can be crippling in many situations. If an employee has been injured in a workplace and sense that ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s the employerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s negligence is to blame, the employee might take into account the filling for employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s compensation (Anthony, 2014). Back in 2007, nearly 170 individuals in the United States of America lost their lives in the workplace as the outcome of a severe fire or explosion, in accordance with the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Fire avoidance instructions for the workplace can help and support to avert death or injury, keeping the workplace safe and help to prevent financial losses to the company as well (Steven, 2014). One of the many techniques to reduce fire associated incidents is to clear chaos out of office halls and everywhere around the workplace, in accordance with the operational work safety reserve Safety Exchange. Materials and paper that are disposed together can catch fire if ignited by a frayed electrical wire or a trigger instigated by couple of metal bits conflicting together. Clean up litter to eradicate possible sparking, including frequently discharging trash cans in the workplace environment. Garbage can also lump the emergency exit points and make vacating a fiery building problematic. Ensure that impediments are removed from in front of emergency exit points to assist a smooth exit point through an emergency (Terrell, 2010). Power distribution trips and extension cords are regarded for a concentrated amperage and wattage that they can securely resist. In accordance with the U.S. Dept. of Cultivation Almanac, burdened extension cords can root a fire hazard. Employees should check the evaluations on extension cords and power distribution strips before using them to ensure you are not running too much power through them. Employees can find the amperage and wattage evaluations on the things you are pluggin g in on the item itself. Employees should use only use an extension cord as a momentary electrical connection because extension cords are not intended for continuous use. Employees should always try to plug things unswervingly into the wall outlet as much as possible (Garrow, 2010). Prevention Implement a database that involves prevention, preparation and acknowledgement of potential fire hazards for the employees. Employer and employees should make sure that they practice appropriate handling of flammable and combustible substances. Employers should maintain safe and secure housekeeping practices that minimize the risk of fire hazards. Employers should always keep sufficient fire suppression equipment in the workplace so that fire if occurred could be extinguished before it goes out of control resulting in further substantial losses (Steven, 2014) General safety precautions Employees should be aware that they never lay or pile material that it blocks or covers access to firefighting tools. Employees should ensure that they use authorized containers for the segregation and disposal ignitable refuse. Employees should never stock flammable material or substances within 10 feet of a building or location. Pile and stack all materials in the appropriate order and steady piles. Employees should never let preventable flammable things get gathered in any part of the work environment. It is the duty of employee and the employer to make a periodic clean-up of the complete work site and keep weeds and grass under control. On a regular basis employees should, dispose of flammable remains and scrap from your workplace (Anthony, 2014) Use only permitted ampules and boilers for storing, handling, and transport of flammable and incendiary liquid. Employees should at all-time implement assessment measures before performing operations that present fire hazards like welding. Conclusion By recognizing the possible fire hazards within the workplace an organization is complying in accordance with the Safety Order and the regulation. Examining possibly the hazardous materials, using them appropriately and in the end storing the safely is the initial step to fire prevention. Employees in the workplace are required to be fully trained to efficiently handle an emergency circumstance using suitable tools and knowledge. However, if in case any unforeseen fire takes place, there should be an appropriate plan to be acted upon in order to minimize the potential losses (Garrow, 2010). Bibliography Anthony, I. (2014). 12 FIRE PREVENTION TIPS FOR WORKERS. Retrieved from https://blog.safetysmart.com/2014/01/12-fire-prevention-tips-workers/ Garrow, K. (2010). Fire Hazards Their Importance And How To Identify Them. Retrieved from https://ezinearticles.com/?Fire-HazardsTheir-Importance-And-How-To-Identify-Themid=5206448 Joseph, D. (2010). Workplace Fire Hazards. Retrieved from https://ezinearticles.com/?Workplace-Fire-Hazardsid=3913058 Steven, B. (2014). Preventing Workplace Fire Hazards. Retrieved from https://www.stevenbrownassociates.com/blog/preventing-workplace-fire-hazards/ Terrell, M. (2010). 5 Fire Hazards You Might Have In Your House. Retrieved from https://ezinearticles.com/?5-Fire-Hazards-You-Might-Have-In-Your-Houseid=5491612